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Risk Management Programme Manual for Animal Product Processing

9 Appendix A: Glossary of Terms

Amendment 3

October 2009

Act means the Animal Products Act 1999 unless otherwise stated.

Amendment means any change or event or other matter that:

• means that the programme is no longer appropriate, or will no longer be appropriate to the animal material or product, processes or premises or place covered by the programme; or

• otherwise impacts, or will impact, on the fitness for intended purpose of the animal product concerned or the content of the RMP.

Animal means any member of the animal kingdom, and includes:

• any mammal, bird, finfish, shellfish, reptile, amphibian, insect or invertebrate;

• any other creature or entity that is declared by the Minister by notice in the Gazette to be an animal for the purposes of this Act; but does not include a human being.

Animal consumption (See human or animal consumption).

Animal material means any live or dead animal, or any tissue or other material taken or derived from an animal.

Animal product, or product means any animal material that has been processed (other than simply transported or stored in such a way as not to involve any alteration to its nature) for the purpose, or ultimate purpose, of consumption or other use by humans or animals.

Animal product business means a business undertaking that, for reward or for the purposes of trade:

• produces or processes animal material or product; or

• exports animal material or product

Animal product officer, or officer means a person appointed as an animal product officer under section 78 of the APA and includes the Chief Executive.

Animal product standard, or standard means a standard prescribed by regulations and specifications that specifies the criteria that must be met to determine fitness for intended purpose of any class or description of animal product.

Audit means a systematic and independent examination to determine whether activities and related results comply with planned arrangements and whether these arrangements are implemented effectively and are suitable to achieve objectives.

Business (See animal product business).

Business identifier means a unique identification code, selected by the operator for a premises covered by an RMP.

Consumption (See human or animal consumption).

Contaminant means any substance or thing which:

• is undesirable, potentially harmful, or unexpected in a particular product or process; and

• is or may be present in, or in contact with, animal material or animal product.

Control (noun) means the state wherein correct procedures are being followed and standards and other applicable criteria are being met.

Control (verb) means to take all necessary actions to ensure and maintain compliance with standards and other applicable criteria.

Control measure means any action and activity that can be used to prevent or eliminate an animal product related hazard or other risk factor, or to reduce it to an acceptable level.

Corrective action means any action to be taken when the results of monitoring indicate a loss of control.

Critical control point means a step at which control can be applied that is essential to prevent or eliminate a hazard or reduce it to an acceptable level, as described in section 17(3)(b) of the Act.

Critical limit means a criterion which separates acceptability from unacceptability at a critical control point, and includes acceptable parameters as described in section 17(3)(c) of the Act.

Director-General means the Chief Executive of the New Zealand Food Safety Authority or such other Ministry as has, with the authority of the Prime Minister, for the time being assumed responsibility for the administration of the APA 1999.

Day-to-day manager means the person identified in a risk management programme either by name, position or designation as being responsible for the day-to-day management of that programme.

Document (verb) means to include in writing in the RMP.

Dual operator butcher or dual operator means a retail butcher who:

• is listed by the Director-General as a homekill or recreational catch service provider; and

• processes homekill or recreational catch at the same premises or place as the retail butcher processes or trades in regulated animal product.

Evaluation means the process of independent assessment of the validity of an RMP for the purposes of providing an independent evaluation report as required under section 20(2) (b) of the Act.

Evaluator means a person recognised under section 103 of the Act to perform risk management programme evaluation functions and activities.

Exporter means a person who exports any animal material or product from New Zealand that is included in the coverage of the APA 1999.

External verification means the process of verification of activities conducted under a risk management programme by a recognised verifier.

Farm dairy means a place where milking animals are milked on a permanent or temporary basis; and

1. subject to paragraph (2), includes:

a. any stockyard, milking yard, feed yard, silo pad, or other construction associated with or involved in the activity of extracting milk from milking animals; and

b. any place where milk from the milking animals is first collected, filtered, deposited, cooled, stored, or treated for transport or for further processing; but

2. does not include any place where any further processing takes place, or transport to that place.

Farm dairy operator means the person in charge of operations at a farm dairy, including the extraction of milk from milking animals.

Finfish includes all species of finfish of the Classes Agnatha, Chondrichthyes, and Osteichthyes, at any stage of their life history, whether living or dead (Fisheries Act, 1996).

Fish includes all species of finfish and shellfish, at any stage of their life history, whether living or dead (Fisheries Act, 1996).

Fit for intended purpose the phrase, used in relation to any animal product, that has been processed in accordance with the requirements of a registered RMP under the APA 1999, means that by reason of animal material or product having had the relevant risk factors managed and meeting any relevant animal product standards and associated specifications, the product is suitable for the purpose for which the product is specifically stated or could reasonably be presumed to be intended having regard to its nature, packaging, and identification.

Food -

1. means anything that is used or represented for use as food or drink for humans; and

2. includes—

a. any ingredient or nutrient or other constituent of any food or drink, whether that ingredient or nutrient or other constituent is consumed or represented for consumption on its own by humans, or is used in the preparation of, or mixed with or added to, any food or drink; and

b. anything that is or is intended to be mixed with or added to any food or drink; and

c. chewing gum, and any ingredient of chewing gum, and anything that is or is intended to be mixed with or added to chewing gum; and

d. anything that is declared by the Governor-General, by Order in Council, to be food for the purposes of this Act; but

3. does not include—

a. any tobacco; or

b. any cosmetics; or

c. any substances used only as medicines (within the meaning of the Medicines Act 1981) or any controlled drugs (within the meaning of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975); or

d. any cookware and related products; or

e. any packaging (except edible packaging).

Food Act regime means the alternative regimes under the Food Act 1981 that consist of, or relate to:

• Part IA of that Act and food safety programmes;

• the Food Hygiene Regulations 1974.

Food safety programme means a documented programme designed to identify and control food safety risk factors in order to establish and maintain food safety. A food safety programme within the meaning of the Food Act 1981 is a programme whose adoption gives rise to an exemption from the Food Hygiene Regulations 1974 under Part 1A of that Act.

Good operating practice (including good agricultural practice, good hygienic practice and good manufacturing practice) means documented procedures relating to practices that –

1. are required to ensure animal material and animal product are fit for intended purpose; and

2. are appropriate to the operating circumstances.

HACCP means a system which identifies, evaluates and controls hazards that are significant for food safety.

HACCP plan means a document prepared in accordance with the principles of HACCP to ensure control of hazards which are significant for food safety in the segment of the food chain under consideration.

Hazard means a biological, chemical, or physical agent that:

• is in or has the potential to be in animal material or product, or is or has the potential to be a condition of animal material or product; and

• leads or could lead to an adverse health effect on humans or animals.

Hazard analysis means the process of collecting and evaluating information on hazards and conditions leading to their presence to decide which are significant for food safety and therefore should be addressed in the HACCP plan.

Homekill means an animal that is killed or processed by its owner for the use or consumption of the owner, or by a person who is listed as a homekill or recreational catch service provider under section 76 of the Act.

Homekill product is product for the use or consumption of the animal owner including his or her family or household and must not be traded (includes barter, supply as part of a service, public prize or reward etc).

Homekill or recreational catch service provider means a person who is listed as a homekill or recreation catch service provider by the Director-General, who may kill or process for reward, for the owner, hunter or harvester of the animal, any animal or animal material that is homekill or recreational catch without needing to have, or to comply with a registered RMP.

Human or animal consumption used in relation to any animal product, means that the product is intended to be eaten, or taken orally, or administered parenterally, or applied topically.

Input means any animal material, animal product, additive, processing aid, ingredient, packaging, or other associated thing where that associated thing is contained within, attached to, enclosed with, or in contact with, the animal material or animal product.

In writing means printed, typewritten, or otherwise visibly represented, copied, or reproduced, including by fax or email or other electronic means.

Monitor means the act of conducting a planned sequence of observations or measurements of control parameters to assess whether a critical control point is under control.

Multi-business RMP means an RMP where approval is given under section 17A of the APA for that programme to apply to more than one business.

New Zealand Food Safety Authority is a public service department administering food and under other specified conditions safety.

Officer (see Animal product officer).

Official assurance means a general statement to a foreign government or its agent that, in respect of any animal material or product:

• specified processes have been completed under the Act; or

• the animal product meets the relevant standards set under the Act; or

• the processing system used meets any market access requirements of the importing country, which New Zealand has agreed to meet; or

• the situation in New Zealand, in relation to any matter concerning animal material or animal product is as stated in the assurance.

Operator in relation to an animal product business, means the owner or other person in control of the business.

Operator defined limit means a measurable limit established by a risk management programme operator to manage the fitness for purpose of animal material or animal product.

Operator verification means the application of methods, procedures, tests and other checks by a risk management programme operator to confirm the ongoing:

• compliance of the RMP with the legislative requirements; and

• compliance of the operations within the RMP as written; and

• applicability of the RMP to the operation;

and forms part of confirmation as described in section 17(3) (f) of the Act.

Output means animal material or animal product resulting from an operation undertaken under an RMP.

Overseas market access requirements (OMAR) means export requirements specific to an identified overseas market or markets.

Parenterally means administering a substance to a human or animal by a route other than orally or topically.

Place or premises includes any building, conveyance, craft, fishing vessel, or structure; and includes any land, water, or other area where animals or animal material are produced or may be present.

Process includes kill, slaughter, dress, cut, extract, manufacture, pack, preserve, transport, and store.

Protocol means a document that describes the work to be undertaken when there is insufficient evidence to complete validation immediately and includes details of the experimental design and analysis of the results.

Readily accessible means that no matter where documents are stored, they can be mailed, couriered, faxed, emailed or transferred by other means within the time period stated.

Recognised agency in relation to any function or activity means a person or body recognised by the Director-General under section 103 of the Act for the purpose of performing that function or activity. This will include the management and supply of recognised persons to perform specialist functions and activities for the purposes of the Animal Products Act, including evaluation and verification functions and activities.

Recognised verifier means a person recognised under Section 103 of the Act to verify operations that are subject to a risk management programme, regulated control scheme, standards and specifications, or export requirements.

Recreational catch is a hunted or harvested wild animal for the hunter’s own consumption or use.

Registered exporter means an exporter currently registered by the Director-General under Part 5 of the Act as eligible to export animal material and products. Where a registered exporter is based overseas, this includes the New Zealand Agent or representative of that exporter.

Registered risk management programme means an RMP that is currently registered by the Director-General under Part 2 of the Act (See risk management programme).

Regulated animal product means animal material or product for trade or export that is processed or has been or is required to be processed, according to the requirements of an RMP and/or regulated control schemes (or of the Food Act Regime); and does not include any homekill or recreational catch product.

Regulated control scheme means a programme which is imposed by the Director-General to manage risks where RMPs would not be feasible or practicable or where it is more efficient for the government to run the programme or it is needed to meet the market access requirements of foreign governments.

Regulatory limit means a measurable regulatory requirement that is critical to fitness for intended purpose of animal material or animal product.

Rendering means the breaking down of animal tissues into constituent fat and protein elements, whether by the application of heat and pressure or otherwise.

Retail butcher includes any type of butcher engaged in retail trade in regulated animal products.

Risk means a function of the likelihood and severity of an adverse health effect on the consumer as a result of exposure to a hazard.

Risk factors means:

• risks from hazards to animal or human health;

• risks from false or misleading labelling;

• risks to the wholesomeness of animal material or product.

Risk management programme is a programme designed to both identify and control, manage, and eliminate or minimise hazards and other risk factors in relation to the production and processing of animal material and animal products, in order to ensure that the resulting animal product is fit for intended purpose. An RMP established under the APA, 1999 may also encompass as a component, food safety programmes (or part thereof) established under the Food Act Regime.

Secondary processor (non-dairy only) means a person who, for reward (other than as an employee) or for purposes of trade, processes animal product at any stage beyond its primary processing (See Appendices C and D: Businesses requiring and not requiring RMPs).

Shellfish includes all species of the phylum Echinodermata and phylum Mollusca and all species of the Class Crustacea at any stage of their life history, whether living or dead (Fisheries Act, 1996).

Shelf life means the period nominated by the operator during which a product maintains its fitness for intended purpose under specified conditions.

Single-business risk management programme means an RMP covering a single business.

Standard (see Animal product standard).

Step means a point, procedure, operation or stage in the food chain, including raw materials, from primary production to final consumption.

Suitability covers aspects of product integrity other than food safety such as aesthetic defects, composition, and labelling.

Topically means applying a substance externally to a part of the body of a human or animal.

Trade means sell for human or animal consumption or use; and includes:

• selling for resale (including as a constituent part of another article) for human or animal consumption or use; and

• offering or attempting to sell, or receiving for sale, or having in possession or exposing for sale, or sending or delivering for sale, or causing or permitting to be sold, offered, or exposed for sale; and

• barter; and

• supplying an article under a contract, together with other goods or services or both, in consideration of an inclusive charge for the article and the other goods or services; and

• supplying an article where there is a statutory responsibility to supply; and

• offering as a public prize or reward, or giving away for the purpose of advertisement or in the furtherance of any trade or business; and

• every other method of disposition for valuable consideration.

Uncontrolled hazard means a hazard which has been identified in a hazard analysis for a particular process or product, and for which the operator has no control measures available, and there is no mandatory requirement to control that hazard.

Unique location identifier means a unique identification code to indicate the location or premises within a risk management programme (dairy only).

Validate means the process by which evidence is obtained to demonstrate that animal material or animal product will be fit for intended purpose, through the achievement of any regulatory limit or operator-defined limit.

Verification includes the ongoing checks carried out by recognised verifiers to determine whether:

• operations that are subject to an RMP, regulated control scheme, standards or specifications are in compliance with the requirements of the programme or of the APA;

• animal material or products for whose export an official assurance is required have been produced or processed in a way that meets the requirements for the official assurance.

Wholesomeness in relation to any regulated animal product, means that the product does not contain or have attached to it, enclosed with it, or in contact with it anything that is offensive, or whose presence would be unexpected or unusual in product of that description.

Wild animal means an animal that:

• is a kind that occurs in the wild or in the sea; and

• is not, immediately before its taking or capture, owned by any person.