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Sudan 1

What are Sudan dyes?

Sudan dyes are red dyes that are used for colouring solvents, oils, waxes, petrol, and shoe and floor polish. Sudan 1 is a dye also known as CI Solvent 14. There is inconclusive evidence that it might be carcinogenic in some animal species, and is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as category 3 ('not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans'). Sudan dyes (Sudan I, II, III and IV) are not appropriate as a food additives for humans despite the extremely low risk.

What is the issue with Sudan dyes in New Zealand?

In response to international concern that Sudan 1, a red dye not approved as a food colouring or food additive, had been found in chilli powder from India, the New Zealand Food Safety Authority (NZFSA) put in place a monitoring programme. NZFSA also informed all chilli powders importers of the issue and of those manufacturers the Indian government had determined as being responsible for the contaminated product.

The initial test of 43 chilli powders and products containing chilli powder imported into New Zealand showed that only one had measurable levels of the contaminant. As a result, the importer voluntarily withdrew the product from sale. This product had been imported via Australia, and not directly from India. Australian authorities have also been alerted.

The risk, if any, for anyone who has consumed food made with this chilli powder as an ingredient is so small as to be immeasurable, and consumers are advised not to be concerned.

What assurances are there that imported chilli powder is free from Sudan 1?

NZFSA's monitoring programme will continue until it is satisfied that there is no food safety issue from chilli powders imported from India and contaminated with Sudan dyes. NZFSA is also in regular contact with food safety agencies in other countries, and monitors international food safety alerts.

(Updated 21 February 2005)